Research article

EFFECT OF SEED QUANTITIES AND LATE PLANTING DATES ON GROWTH TRAITS OF THREE CULTIVARS OF BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

Amer Neamah Kareem1 and Sabeeha Hassoon Kadhim2

Online First: January 20, 2023


The field experiment was conducted in Al-Hashemite district, 30 km south of the center of Babylon province, during both seasons 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. In order to know the extent of the response and influence of the growth traits of three cultivars of bread wheat cultivated with three planting dates and using three quantities of seeds. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with a split-split plot arrangement and with three replicates, where the cultivars (Rasheed and bohuth 22 and Babylon 113) occupied the main plots, and the planting dates (12/15, 12/25 and 1/4) occupied the secondary plots while the quantities of seeds (120, 180 and 240) kg / ha occupied the sub-sub plot. The cultivar Rashid excelled in traits of the number of days up to 50% flowering and the number of days until physiological maturity for the both study seasons, with averages of (99.19 and 99.70) days and (126.40 and 128.51) days. It also excelled in plant height and flag leaf area for the second season, with an average of (104.02) cm and (43.94) cm², respectively. The first date excelled (12/15) and recorded the highest values in all the studied traits. The amount of D1 seeds achieved the highest average number of days up to 50% flowering for the first season with an average of 95.70 days. It also recorded the highest average number of days to physiological maturity. The flag leaf area reached (124.66 and 126.44) days and (49.99 and 39.92) cm² for both seasons, respectively. While the quantity of D3 seeds excelled in the plant height trait and recorded (96.36 and 98.66) cm for the two seasons, respectively. The cultivar Rashid, grown at the first date, gave the highest mean of the traits of the number of days until physiological maturity for the first season and the flag leaf area for the second season. It recorded (132.11) days and (47.50) cm².The interaction of the first date with the amount of seed D1 in the number of days was superior to 50% flowering for the first season with an average of (99.67) days.

Keywords

seed quantities, growth, bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L.