DETECTION OF IL_6 AND IL_34 LEVELS IN DIABETIC FOOT PATIENTS IN IRAQ

Diabetes foot ulcers are vascular complications of diabetes mellitus that have been widely reported to be very morbidity and mortality related. Interleukins are a subgroup of cytokines, a varied class of biological messenger molecules that influence cellular activity. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key cytokine modulator of the acute-phase response, increases the development of acute-phase proteins in the liver and has activities that support diabetes. In addition, the recently identified pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-34 serves as a ligand for the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R). Also, IL-34 plays a role in the development of numerous chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this study, we aimed to examine the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and (IL)-34 in diabetic patients with diabetic foot and in healthy controls, from January to July 2022, admitted to Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Samawa/ Iraq, Medical city/Baghdad Hospital and private clinics in Baghdad/ Iraq. The study was performed on two groups. They were patients with diabetic foot that included 140 patients, their ages range (29-87) and healthy individuals (control) that included 70 patients, their ages range (18-57). Serum IL-6 and IL-34 levels were measured by sandwich ELISA. Diabetes biochemical parameter (random blood sugar) also analyzed. Random blood sugar for patients was 226.99 mg/dL. The results revealed that diabetic foot ulcers factors were: 93(66.4%) are male and the rest 47(33.6%) are females, high 79(56.40%) are within (31-60) year, 50 (35.7%) of patients with DFUs were current smoker, 55 (39.3%) were overweight, 131(93.6%) were type 2 DM, 62(44.3%) were of duration between (15-30) years, both drugs using were 55 (39.3%) were factors statically associated with diabetic foot ulcer (P value ˂ 0.05). The results also showed a significant increase in the levels of (IL-6 and IL-34) in diabetic foot patients compared to the control plasma group (P≤ 0.05).