COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES ON PRODUCTION OF BETA GALACTOSIDASE FROM FUNGAL ISOLATES.

Beta galactosidase is one of the most abundant enzymes present in nature. It is found in many organisms right from bacteria, fungi, bugs, plants, and animals. Fungi have various industrial usages as source of enzyme, protein, antibiotics and even bioremediation clearing pollutants. It is responsible for breaking down of disaccharide lactose to produce galactose and glucose. These end products then enter the glycolysis cycle. These enzymes are located into the lysosomes compartments into the cell where recycling of different types of molecules take place. In this study the comparative analysis of impact of different carbon sources on the production of beta galactosidase from fungal isolates was performed. Although the prime aim is to develop complete system for enzymatic degradation of cellulosic wastes from the paddy and wheat straw, however, the system needs initiation for the microbial growth and production of the beta galactosidase enzyme. Initial mixing of the simpler carbon source can help enhance the overall production of the desired enzyme. It is important for the commercial production of the beta galactisidase enzyme. The fungal strains were isolated from the soil samples and were screened for the production of beta galactosidase enzyme at the extracellular levels. The top 3 isolates were then checked for their stability into production of the enzyme at larger quantity. Also, the fungal isolated PT1, PT2 and PT3 were checked for greater enzyme production and stability at higher temperature. This was important experiment at most the industrial wastes are at higher temperature and need better utilization ability in the strain to be used at that temperature. To determine which carbon source has maximum positive impact on the overall production of the beta galactosidase enzyme by the top producer isolates, choice of glucose, lactose and sucrose was taken. The PT2 isolate showed the best results as expected from among all three isolates. But the difference was observed among the three as PT1 and PT3 showed little rise into the production of the beta galactosidase enzyme on shifting from glucose to sucrose to lactose as source of carbon. The PT1 strain showed comparatively higher jump into the production of the enzyme when compared with those two strains. Also, the difference into the jump was when the concentration was increased to 5ml/ml from 2mg/ml of lactose into the media. This could be probably because the PT2 contains gene for beta galactosidase production, which gets induced under the higher concentration of lactose than any other isolates. This could also mean that lactose can be mixed with the paddy straw and wheat straw substrates to boost the production of the beta galactosidase enzyme. It can also help speed up the process of naturally degrading these agrowaste materials that are burned by the farmers to produce pollution.